Ang capacitor The capacitor — a tiny, very fast tank of charge

1. Parang tangke ng tubig Like a water tank

Nag-iipon ng karga ang capacitor at ibinibigay ito kapag naputol ang supply. It stores charge and fills the gaps when the supply drops out. Less than a battery, but MUCH faster.

2. Sa loob Inside

Dalawang metal na plato, may insulator (dielectric) sa gitna. Hindi tumatawid ang electron; naiipon sila sa isang plato. Two plates with an insulator between. Electrons pile up on one plate; the voltage stays even after the battery is removed.

3. Pag-charge at pag-discharge

Mas malaking capacitor = mas matagal. Bigger capacitance (µF) = longer to fill, longer to empty.

4. Basahin ang label Read the label

µF at V. Ang guhit = negatibo. Huwag lampasan ang V; huwag baliktarin. Capacitance in µF, max voltage in V. The stripe marks negative. Over-voltage or reversed = it can burst.

5. Saan ginagamit Where it's used

Pinakinis na DC sa charger; at sa robot: pinipigilan ang pag-reset ng ESP32 kapag umandar ang motor. Smoothing DC in a charger; and on the bot, a bulk capacitor stops the ESP32 resetting when the motors start.

6. Ingat Careful

Sukatin muna ang boltahe; i-discharge gamit ang resistor. Huwag buksan ang capacitor ng bentilador o aircon. Measure the voltage first; discharge through a resistor. Never open fan or aircon capacitors.